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§ 10. Trial; defense of accused; witness against self; double jeopardy. In all prosecutions, the accused shall be allowed to appear and defend in person, or by counsel; to demand the nature and cause of the accusation against him; to meet the witness face to face, and to have compulsory process to compel the attendance of the witnesses in his behalf, and a speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the county or district in which the offense is alleged to have been committed. No person shall be a witness against himself, or be twice put in jeopardy for the same offense.

History: Adopted by convention, July 29, 1859; ratified by electors, October 4, 1859; L. 1861, p. 48.

Cross References to Related Sections:

Grand juries, see Chapter 22, Article 30.

Trials in criminal proceedings, see Chapter 22, Article 34.

Jury service and selection of jurors, see 43-155 et seq.

Trial of civil actions in district court, see 60-238, 60-239, 60-247 through 60-253.

Trial of civil actions in courts of limited jurisdiction, see 61-1716.

Right to trial by jury, see Bill of Rights, Kansas Constitution, § 5.

Law Review and Bar Journal References:

The Effect of Former Prosecutions:Something Old and Something New Under Kan. Stat. Ann. Sec. 21-3108, Raymond L. Spring, 9 W.L.J. 179, 182 (1970).

Theft statute (K.S.A. 21-3701) examined for vagueness, "Thou Shalt Not Steal: Ruminations on the New Kansas Theft Law," Paul E. Wilson, 20 K.L.R. 385, 394, 400 (1972).

Constitutionality of the six-man jury in Kansas, Jay W. Vander Velde, 12 W.L.J. 249, 250 (1973).

The right of self-representation in criminal cases, Ray D. Siehndel, 12 W.L.J. 257, 260 (1973).

The Psychotherapists' Privilege, Craig Kennedy, 12 W.L.J. 297, 300 (1973).

Mentioned in comment on Kansas Courts of Appeals, Gregory A. Dean, 12 W.L.J. 378 (1973).

The Doctrine of Lesser Included Offenses in Kansas, Kay Adam, Helen Packard Dupre, 15 W.L.J. 40, 43, 54, 57 (1976).

The New Kansas Law Regarding Admissibility of Child-Victim Hearsay Statements, G. Joseph Pierron, 52 J.K.B.A. 88, 92 (1983).

The Admissibility of Child Victim Hearsay in Kansas: A Defense Perspective, Christopher B. McNeil, 23 W.L.J. 265, 269, 279 (1984).

Criminal Law: Reckless Driving Is Not a Lesser Included Offense of Driving While Under the Influence of Alcohol, Katy Streepy Nitcher, 23 W.L.J. 421 (1984).

Criminal Procedure-Severed Defendant's Fifth Amendment Refusal to Testify at Co-defendant's Trial is Admissible to Impeach Defendant's Alibi Defense at His Own Trial-State v. Nott, Joe Rebein, 33 K.L.R. 189 (1984).

Constitutional Law: The Sixth Amendment Right of Self-Representation and the Role of Standby Counsel, Ronald Greg Wright, 24 W.L.J. 164 (1984).

Juvenile Law: Juvenile Involuntarily Absent from a Waiver Hearing is Not Denied Due Process [State v. Muhammad, 237 Kan. 850, 703 P.2d 835 (1985)], Daniel J. Gronniger, 25 W.L.J. 598, 606 (1986).

Recent developments Concerning Speedy Trial Rights, Keith Henry, Vol. VII, No. 2, J.K.T.L.A. 19 (1983).

Criminal Procedure: Dual Sovereignty Exception Encompasses Successive Prosecutions by Two States [Heath v. Alabama, 106 S. Ct. 433 (1985)], Jay P. Golder, 26 W.L.J. 223 (1986).

Juvenile Law: Jurisdiction Under the Kansas Juvenile Code: Juvenile Adjudication or Adult Trial? Carmen D. Tucker, 27 W.L.J. 394, 402 (1988).

Change of Venue in the Criminal Case, J. Roy Holliday, Jr., and Steven L. Opat, 11 J.K.T.L.A. No. 5, 9 (1988).

Co-Conspirator Hearsay in Federal and Kansas Jurisdictions After Bourjaily v. United States, Brian Burris and Gary Nelson, 27 W.L.J. 528, 550, 560, 565, 568 (1988).

A Quantitative and Descriptive Survey of Evidence Law in the Kansas Appellate Courts, Stanley D. Davis, 37 K.L.R. 715, 752 (1989).

Exceptions to the Sixth Amendment Confrontation Clause: Kansas Clarifies the Child Victim Exception [State v. Chisholm, 245 Kan. 145, 777 P.2d 753 (1989)], Anthony J. Powell, 29 W.L.J. 652, 654 (1990).

Constitutional Law: Everything You Say Can and Will Be Used Against You in a Court of Law...or Will It? [State v. Rakestraw, 871 P.2d 1274 (Kan. 1994)], Thomas J. Parascandola, 34 W.L.J. 174 (1994).

Survey of Recent Cases, 43 K.L.R. 992, 993 (1995).

Criminal Procedure Review: Survey of Recent Cases, 44 K.L.R. 895 (1996).

The Decisive Blow to The Double Jeopardy Defense In Kansas Drunk Driving Prosecutions: State v. Mertz, Todd A. LaSala, 44 K.L.R. 1009 (1996).

Delacruz: Following the Nichols Court Through the Looking Glass, Eric Lawrence, 44 K.L.R. 1045 (1996).

Res Gestae Raises Its Ugly Head, Dennis D. Prater and Virginia M. Klemme, 65 J.K.B.A. No. 8, 24 (1996).

Survey of Recent Cases, 45 K.L.R. 1362 (1997).

The Marital Discord Exemption to Hearsay: Fact or Judicially Legislated Fiction? Christine Arguello, 46 K.L.R. 63 (1997).

Criminal Procedure: Failure to Instruct the Jury on Venue, When Requested, Constitutes Reversible Error, Notwithstanding Venue Subsumed by a Guilty Verdict, Scott A. Liljegren, 37 W.L.J. 439 (1998).

Survey of Recent Cases, 46 K.L.R. 896 (1998).

Notice and Demand Statutes: A Constitutional Response to the Evidence Crisis, Jimmy Chen, 8 Kan. J.L. & Pub. Pol'y, No. 2, 241 (1999).

Sexual Abuse Treatment in Kansas' Prisons: Compelling Inmates to Admit Guilt, Katherine Corry Eastman, 38 W.L.J. 949 (1999).

Criminal Procedure Edition, 47 K.L.R. 937 (1999).

Criminal Procedure Survey of Recent Cases, 49 K.L.R. 937 (2001).

Criminal Procedure Survey of Recent Cases, 50 K.L.R. 901 (2002).

Criminal Procedure Survey of Recent Cases, Matt Corbin, Editor, 51 K.L.R. 659, 706 (2003).

Invocation of the Fifth Amendment Privilege in Kansas Proceedings: Application of the Privilege and Rebutting the Imposition of Adverse Inferences, Jeff D. Morris, 73 J.K.B.A. No. 3, 14 (2004).

Criminal Procedure Survey of Recent Cases, 53 K.L.R. 983 (2005).

Criminal Procedure Survey of Recent Cases, 54 K.L.R. 895 (2006).

Criminal Procedure Survey, 55 K.L.R. 797 (2007).

Criminal Procedure Survey, 56 K.L.R. 747 (2008).

The Kansas Supreme Court Sounds the Death Knell of the 'Civil' Juvenile Court Proceedings [In re L.M., 186 P.3d 164 (Kan. 2008)], Darin L. McCollum, 48 W.L.J. 499 (2009).

Attorney General's Opinions:

Criminal procedure; code; procedure after arrest; venue in multi-county judicial district. 83-178.

Advertising and display of liquor; restrictions; billboards. 92-14.

The Uniform Mandatory Disposition of Detainers Act and the Agreement on Detainers do not apply to ordinance violations. 2002-48.

CASE ANNOTATIONS

1. Intoxicating liquors; search and seizure clause not unconstitutional. The State v. O'Connor, 3 Kan. App. 594, 598, 43 P. 859.

2. Second trial at defendant's request, held not twice in jeopardy. The State v. McCord, 8 Kan. 232, 242.

3. Juror who has formed an "opinion" is not impartial juror. The State v. Medlicott, 9 Kan. 257, 279; The State v. Brown, 15 Kan. 400.

4. Nature of accusation need not state whether principal or accessory. The State v. Cassady, 12 Kan. 550, 555.

5. Trial for contempt by judge without jury, held not error. The State v. Cutler, 13 Kan. 131, 134.

6. Finding of "not guilty" by court precludes another trial. City of Olathe v. Adams, 15 Kan. 391, 395.

7. Trial by impartial jury of county, etc., may be waived. The State v. Potter, 16 Kan. 80, 97.

8. Mere preliminary examination is not being put "in jeopardy." The State v. Jones, 16 Kan. 608, 610.

9. Defendant has right to demand nature and cause of accusation. The State v. Behee, 17 Kan. 402, 404.

10. Not error for jury to inspect premises without defendant accompanying. The State v. Adams, 20 Kan. 311, 323.

11. Trial in another county, but same district, held not error. The State v. Ruth, 21 Kan. 583, 589.

12. Territory attached to judicial district becomes part of district. In re Holcomb, Petitioner, etc., 21 Kan. 628, 636.

13. Where trial terminated by unavoidable casualty, defendant not "in jeopardy." In re Scrafford, Petitioner, etc., 21 Kan. 735, 746.

14. Defendant has right to delay to compel attendance of witnesses. The State v. Roark, 23 Kan. 147, 152.

15. Matters growing out of same difficulty may constitute two offenses. City of Olathe v. Thomas, 26 Kan. 233.

16. Names of persons to whom liquor sold held not necessary. The State v. Schweiter, 27 Kan. 499, 508, 511.

17. Not necessary to state kind or class of liquor sold. The State v. Sterns, 28 Kan. 154, 156.

18. Not error to retain juror truth of whose opinion conceded. The State v. Wells, 28 Kan. 321, 322.

19. Juror incompetent who had formed opinion founded on rumor only. The State v. Miller, 29 Kan. 43, 47.

20. Not error to order expert examination of person of defendant. A.T. & S.F. Rld. Co. v. Thul, 29 Kan. 466, 474.

21. State may not treat trial of misdemeanor as mere preliminary. In re Donnelly, Petitioner, etc., 30 Kan. 191, 197, 1 P. 648.

22. Entitled to jury on appeal if not in first instance. In re Rolfs, Petitioner, 30 Kan. 758, 760, 1 P. 523.

23. Witness compelled to testify in proceedings in aid of execution. In re Burrows, Petitioner, 33 Kan. 675, 677, 680, 7 P. 148.

24. Error to convict of offense not contemplated when information filed. The State v. Brooks, 33 Kan. 708, 713, 7 P. 591.

25. Information held to comply with letter and spirit hereof. The State v. Whisner, 35 Kan. 271, 276, 10 P. 852.

26. "All prosecutions" held to mean for violating state laws only. The State, ex rel., v. City of Topeka, 36 Kan. 76, 77, 86, 87, 88, 12 P. 310.

27. Right to argument of counsel cannot be denied to defendant. The State v. Verry, 36 Kan. 416, 420, 13 P. 838.

28. Conviction on one count precludes later trial as to others. The State v. McNaught, 36 Kan. 624, 627, 14 P. 277.

29. Information, larceny prosecution, must give definite description of property stolen. The State v. Tilney, 38 Kan. 714, 17 P. 606.

30. Entitled to discharge on habeas corpus when trial unnecessarily delayed. In re McMicken, Petitioner, 39 Kan. 406, 408, 18 P. 473.

31. Change of venue to be to county designated by defendant. The State v. Knapp, 40 Kan. 148, 149, 150, 19 P. 728.

32. Not error to overrule motions failing to point out defects. The State v. Reno, 41 Kan. 674, 679, 21 P. 803.

33. Juror not impartial who admits impression of guilt or innocence. The State v. Beatty, 45 Kan. 492, 500, 502, 25 P. 899.

34. Inducing witnesses to avoid process, accused not compelled to testify. In re Nickell, Petitioner, 47 Kan. 734, 736, 737, 28 P. 1076.

35. Plea of guilty under fear of mob violence, not binding. The State v. Calhoun, 50 Kan. 523, 532, 537, 32 P. 38.

36. Change of venue cannot be made without consent of accused. The State v. Kindig, 55 Kan. 113, 117, 39 P. 1028.

37. Property stolen, removed to another county, larceny tried either place. The State v. Price, 55 Kan. 606, 608, 40 P. 1000; The State v. Wade, 55 Kan. 693, 694, 41 P. 951.

38. Evidence on former trial not read without consent of defendant. The State v. Folk, 57 Kan. 255, 257, 45 P. 603. Limited: State v. Coy, 140 Kan. 284, 288, 36 P.2d 971.

39. Defendant's consent necessary to reading of deposition taken by him. The State v. Tomblin, 57 Kan. 841, 843, 48 P. 144.

40. Error to compel defendant to plead in absence of counsel. The State v. Moore, 61 Kan. 732, 734, 60 P. 748.

41. Defendant's consent to eleven jurors in felony case, not binding. The State v. Simons, 61 Kan. 752, 754, 60 P. 1052.

42. Jury trial does not extend to violation of city ordinance. In re Kinsel, 64 Kan. 1, 3, 67 P. 634. Overruled: City of Fort Scott v. Arbuckle, 165 Kan. 374, 196 P.2d 217.

43. Proceedings to condemn and destroy liquors and paraphernalia, constitutional. The State v. McManus, 65 Kan. 720, 722, 70 P. 700.

44. Plea of "former jeopardy" not good where former jury disagree. The State v. Alexander, 66 Kan. 726, 730, 72 P. 227.

45. Evidence given by witness on former trial may be introduced. The State v. Nelson, 68 Kan. 566, 75 P. 505.

46. Defendant may be compelled to testify where immunity granted him. The State v. Jack, 69 Kan. 387, 391, 76 P. 911. Affirmed: Jack v. Kansas, 199 U.S. 372, 26 S. Ct. 73, 50 L.Ed. 234.

47. Defendant may waive right to jury of twelve in misdemeanor. The State v. Wells, 69 Kan. 792, 793, 796, 77 P. 547.

48. Witness may be compelled to testify where immunity granted him. In re Bell, Petitioner, 69 Kan. 855, 856, 76 P. 1129.

49. Testimony given at preliminary, introduced on trial on proper showing. The State v. Harmon, 70 Kan. 476, 477, 78 P. 805.

50. Statements made by defendant out of court may be admitted. The State v. Inman, 70 Kan. 894, 79 P. 162.

51. Immunity from second jeopardy is personal privilege which defendant may waive. The State v. White, 71 Kan. 356, 360, 80 P. 589.

52. Testimony given in civil case not admissible over defendant's objection. The State v. Woods, 71 Kan. 658, 81 P. 184.

53. Defendant not denied "speedy trial" pending appeal from motion by state. The State v. Campbell, 73 Kan. 688, 695, 85 P. 784.

54. In contempt for violating injunction, defendant not entitled to jury. The State v. Thomas, 74 Kan. 360, 368, 86 P. 499.

55. When jury discharged on "accident" defendant may be tried again. The State v. Hansford, 76 Kan. 678, 681, 92 P. 551.

56. Expression of opinion by court; influencing jury; emphasizing isolated facts. The State v. Tawney, 81 Kan. 162, 167, 105 P. 218.

57. Where defendant produced revolver through intimidation, evidence of same admissible. The State v. Turner, 82 Kan. 787, 794, 109 P. 654.

58. Verdict of acquittal cannot be set aside to any purpose. The State v. Lyon, 83 Kan. 168, 170, 109 P. 990.

59. Jury having tried similar case with same witnesses not impartial. The State v. Hammon, 84 Kan. 137, 141, 113 P. 418.

60. Purpose to secure jury free from bias, prejudice or interest. The State v. Stewart, 85 Kan. 404, 409, 116 P. 489.

61. Nonresident father punished under desertion act when proper facts shown. In re Fowles, 89 Kan. 430, 433, 131 P. 598.

62. Obstructing city police officer; requirements in accusation or complaint. Arkansas City v. Roberts, 89 Kan. 680, 132 P. 152.

63. Defendant in bastardy proceedings not entitled to jury. The State, ex rel, v. Herbert, 96 Kan. 490, 491, 152 P. 667.

64. Trial by jury may be waived; waiver of jurisdictional question. In re Mote, 98 Kan. 804, 805, 160 P. 223.

65. Complaint held to sufficiently state offense under white-slave law. The State v. Gleeman, 102 Kan. 670, 677, 171 P. 618.

66. Absence of jury to view premises; defendant's absence; request; waiver. The State v. Stratton, 103 Kan. 226, 227, 173 P. 300.

67. Deposition of absent witness; presence of defendant waived. The State v. Van Wormer, 103 Kan. 309, 322, 326, 173 P. 1076.

68. Inquisition before fire marshal; use of testimony not involuntary. The State v. Harris, 103 Kan. 347, 349, 350, 175 P. 153.

69. Statute disinheriting certain criminals constitutional. Hamblin v. Marchant, 103 Kan. 508, 509, 175 P. 678; Hamblin v. Marchant, 104 Kan. 689, 692, 180 P. 811.

70. Injunction violated; contempt proceedings; not twice in jeopardy. The State v. Kurent, 105 Kan. 353, 355, 184 P. 721.

71. Mortal wound in one county; death in another; jurisdiction; constitutionality. The State v. Criqui, 105 Kan. 716, 717, 720, 185 P. 1063.

72. Disobedience of subpoena on ground of incrimination, unavailable to defendant. The State, ex rel., v. Howat, 107 Kan. 423, 430, 191 P. 585.

73. Punishment for negligent handling of nitroglycerin; statute unconstitutional. The State v. Saterlee, 110 Kan. 84, 85, 202 P. 636.

74. Syndicalism and sabotage, information held insufficient. The State v. Breen, 110 Kan. 817, 818, 205 P. 632.

75. Right to trial by jury may be waived. In re Clancy, Petitioner, 112 Kan. 247, 249, 210 P. 487.

76. Liquor still and apparatus taken by officer without authority admissible in evidence. State v. Johnson, 116 Kan. 58, 226 P. 245.

77. If exact nature not known, charging murder with blunt instrument sufficient. State v. Elftman, 116 Kan. 214, 226, 226 P. 795.

78. Jeopardy attaches where case is advanced to judge on agreed statement of facts. State v. Brick Co., 117 Kan. 192, 230 P. 1035.

79. Jeopardy attaches when jury is impaneled and sworn to try cause. State v. Stiff, 117 Kan. 243, 234 P. 700.

80. Conviction upon one count for sale and another for possession of intoxicating liquor is not double jeopardy. State v. Ford, 117 Kan. 735, 232 P. 1023.

81. Court may order that jurors from particular community will not be used. State v. Waldron, 118 Kan. 641, 236 P. 855.

82. Prosecution for some part of single criminal delinquency bars prosecution for another part. State v. McLaughlin, 121 Kan. 693, 249 P. 612.

83. If possible property involved in crime must be definitely described. State v. Ferron, 122 Kan. 845, 253 P. 402.

84. Act creating county court does not violate section. Brockway v. Wagner, 126 Kan. 285, 289, 268 P. 96.

85. Seventeen-year-old boy must have advice of counsel before entering plea of guilty to murder. State v. Oberst, 127 Kan. 412, 417, 273 P. 490.

86. Nature of accusation; words "immediate vicinity" of oil well construed. State v. Lebow, 128 Kan. 715, 716, 280 P. 773.

87. Self-incrimination; not violated by hit-and-run driver statute. State v. Razey, 129 Kan. 328, 282 P. 755.

88. Provision for hearing for revocation of physician's license is valid. Brinkley v. Hassig, 130 Kan. 874, 879, 289 P. 64.

89. Accused held for eight terms entitled to discharge. In re Trull, 133 Kan. 165, 166, 167, 298 P. 775.

90. Unconstitutional for court to order change of venue outside county, accused not consenting. In re Oberst, 133 Kan. 364, 366, 367, 370, 299 P. 959.

91. Discharge of jury for inability to agree held not jeopardy. State v. Tucker, 137 Kan. 84, 89, 19 P.2d 436.

92. Information disclosing false swearing held sufficiently definite. State v. Kemp, 137 Kan. 290, 294, 20 P.2d 499.

93. Jeopardy attaches when; facts stated and held not "double jeopardy." In re Brown, 139 Kan. 614, 615, 630, 32 P.2d 507.

94. Sheriff who struck prisoner for purpose of extracting confession guilty of misconduct and ousted from office; conduct contrary to every principle of criminal jurisprudence. State, ex rel., v. Jackson, 139 Kan. 744, 752, 33 P.2d 118.

95. Jury discharged on defendant's motion against defective information, not former jeopardy. State v. Reynolds, 140 Kan. 269, 36 P.2d 323.

96. Trial by impartial jury is all accused can constitutionally demand. State v. Hooper, 140 Kan. 481, 502, 37 P.2d 52.

97. Jeopardy plea not good where defendant procured first dismissal. State v. Arnold, 142 Kan. 589, 594, 50 P.2d 1008.

98. Statute (K.S.A. 19-242) relating to unlawful allowance of claims by county commissioners, valid. State v. Rogers, 142 Kan. 841, 847, 850, 52 P.2d 1185.

99. Habitual criminal act (K.S.A. 21-107a) held valid. Levell v. Simpson, 142 Kan. 892, 897, 52 P.2d 372.

100. Judgment of conviction rendered after jury discharged is void; jeopardy; habeas corpus. In re Rockwood, 146 Kan. 386, 388, 69 P.2d 703.

101. Record considered and held defendant was not denied right of counsel. Lee v. Prather, 146 Kan. 513, 515, 71 P.2d 868.

102. Rape, jeopardy attaches when; double jeopardy; dissenting opinion. State v. Brown, 146 Kan. 525, 530, 540, 73 P.2d 19.

103. Act authorizing injunction against unlawful practice of medicine is valid. State, ex rel., v. Cooper, 147 Kan. 710, 717, 78 P.2d 884.

104. Sufficiency of allegations to toll statute of limitations considered. State v. Woolworth, 148 Kan. 180, 182, 81 P.2d 43.

105. Preliminary examination does not put the accused in jeopardy. State v. Townsend, 150 Kan. 496, 497, 95 P.2d 328.

106. Criminal statute (K.S.A. 21-818) not so vague as to be unconstitutional. State v. Carr, 151 Kan. 36, 37, 39, 98 P.2d 393.

107. Accused voluntarily absent; right to be present deemed waived. State v. Maxwell, 151 Kan. 951, 957, 102 P.2d 109.

108. Voluntary testimony given under K.S.A. 31-203 may be used in subsequent prosecution. State v. McCarbrey, 152 Kan. 18, 21, 102 P.2d 977.

109. Judgment in criminal case as to former jeopardy held res judicata. In re Lewis, 152 Kan. 193, 194, 195, 196, 102 P.2d 981.

110. K.S.A. 8-531, 8-544 (regulating traffic on highways) valid; not void for uncertainty. State v. Davidson, 152 Kan. 460, 461, 105 P.2d 876.

111. Right to be represented by counsel may be waived. Loftis v. Amrine, 152 Kan. 464, 465, 467, 105 P.2d 890; Fairce v. Amrine, 154 Kan. 618, 628, 121 P.2d 256; Jones v. Amrine, 154 Kan. 630, 631, 121 P.2d 263; Downs v. Hudspeth, 162 Kan. 575, 578, 178 P.2d 219.

112. Information for compounding felony considered and held insufficient. State v. Ross, 152 Kan. 495, 497, 105 P.2d 879.

113. Trial at first term of court after arrest constitutes "speedy" trial. Wooner v. Amrine, 154 Kan. 211, 117 P.2d 608.

114. K.S.A. 62-1449 applied in holding defendant in former jeopardy. State v. Momb, 154 Kan. 435, 441, 119 P.2d 544.

115. Cited in criticizing "third-degree" methods used by police officers. Claflin v. State, 154 Kan. 452, 457, 119 P.2d 540.

116. Criminal change of venue statute (K.S.A. 62-1322) violating this section held invalid. In re Hedrick Appeals, 155 Kan. 165, 171, 172, 173, 176, 178, 182, 123 P.2d 806.

117. Assistance of counsel in criminal prosecution not denied; evidence. Garrison v. Amrine, 155 Kan. 509, 512, 126 P.2d 228.

118. Evidence sufficient to show accused waived right to counsel. Brewer v. Amrine, 155 Kan. 525, 529, 127 P.2d 447.

119. Right to counsel held waived; habeas corpus denied. Oller v. Amrine, 155 Kan. 703, 127 P.2d 475.

120. Constitution does not guarantee an appeal to supreme court. Cochran v. Amrine, 155 Kan. 777, 778, 130 P.2d 605.

121. Felony; defendant may waive rights and consent to jury of less than twelve. State v. Scott, 156 Kan. 11, 12, 14, 131 P.2d 664.

122. Right to compulsory process limited to witnesses within court's jurisdiction. Burns v. Amrine, 156 Kan. 83, 84, 131 P.2d 884.

123. Admitting in evidence articles obtained by force from criminal defendant upheld. State v. Allen, 156 Kan. 717, 720, 137 P.2d 163.

124. Defense of prior jeopardy may be waived; guilty plea constitutes waiver. State v. Carte, 157 Kan. 139, 144, 138 P.2d 429.

125. Evidence insufficient to show counsel requested and denied; habeas corpus refused. Bradley v. Amrine, 157 Kan. 451, 141 P.2d 380.

126. Defense of former jeopardy may be waived; jeopardy and sentence distinguished. State v. Carte, 157 Kan. 673, 677, 143 P.2d 774.

127. Prosecuting attorney may comment on fact codefendant refused to testify. State v. Addington, 158 Kan. 276, 280, 147 P.2d 367.

128. Defendant's consent necessary to reading of deposition taken by him. State v. McCall, 158 Kan. 652, 653, 654, 149 P.2d 580.

129. Denial of counsel; burden of proof on petitioner in habeas corpus. Bissell v. Amrine, 159 Kan. 358, 364, 155 P.2d 413.

130. Discussed but not applied; illegal restraint under commitment; "due process" clause violated. Whalen v. Cristell, 161 Kan. 747, 753, 173 P.2d 252.

131. Felony; 17-year-old boy must have counsel on guilty plea. Willey v. Hudspeth, 162 Kan. 516, 521, 178 P.2d 246.

132. Habeas corpus; denial of counsel; burden of proof on petitioner. Crisp v. Hudspeth, 162 Kan. 567, 570, 178 P.2d 228; Rice v. Hudspeth, 162 Kan. 596, 178 P.2d 230.

133. Statutory rape and incest properly charged in same information; statutes construed. Wiebe v. Hudspeth, 163 Kan. 30, 31, 180 P.2d 315.

134. Handwriting specimens of 17 year old obtained without advice of counsel; inadmissible. State v. Seward, 163 Kan. 136, 181 P.2d 478.

135. Variance between information and proof; dismissal; subsequent prosectuion; no double jeopardy. Tines v. Hudspeth, 164 Kan. 471, 474, 190 P.2d 867.

136. Cited; failure to prosecute accused in time; accused properly discharged. State v. Coover, 165 Kan. 179, 182, 193 P.2d 209.

137. Jury trial not demandable on appeal from police court conviction. City of Fort Scott v. Arbuckle, 165 Kan. 374, 377, 383, 388, 196 P.2d 217.

138. Preliminary hearing is not trial; appointment of counsel; habeas corpus denied. Fry v. Hudspeth, 165 Kan. 674, 676, 197 P.2d 945.

139. Right to counsel at preliminary hearing not guaranteed by constitution; sentence for violation of two different statutes not double jeopardy. Dionne v. Hudspeth, 166 Kan. 72, 73, 199 P.2d 176.

140. Right to jury trial is privilege and may be waived. State v. Christensen, 166 Kan. 152, 155, 199 P.2d 475.

141. Conversation between complaining witness and jury held misconduct; prejudicial error. State v. Hanes, 166 Kan. 271, 274, 200 P.2d 317.

142. Murder; court failed to submit punishment to jury but defendant failed to raise issue; new trial granted; no double jeopardy. In re Christensen, 166 Kan. 671, 673, 203 P.2d 258.

143. Right to speedy trial where accused incarcerated for another offense. McCullough v. Hudspeth, 168 Kan. 39, 41, 43, 210 P.2d 413.

144. Jury recessed not discharged in rape case; no double jeopardy. State v. Radke, 168 Kan. 334, 339, 212 P.2d 296.

145. Petitioner not present when jury reconvened; under facts no error. Jamison v. Hudspeth, 168 Kan. 565, 566, 567, 213 P.2d 972.

146. No constitutional right to have women jurors. State v. Neff, 169 Kan. 116, 118, 136, 218 P.2d 248.

147. Defendant may waive right to peremptory challenge of jurors. State v. Hayes, 169 Kan. 505, 507, 219 P.2d 442.

148. Court declared mistrial; defendant's conduct held consent; no double jeopardy. Kamen v. Gray, 169 Kan. 664, 665, 669, 670, 220 P.2d 160.

149. Accused not denied speedy trial; timely tried under K.S.A. 62-1432. State v. Rowland, 172 Kan. 224, 225, 239 P.2d 949.

150. Cited; allegation in perjury indictment relating to administration of oath held sufficient. State v. Osborne, 172 Kan. 596, 600, 241 P.2d 506.

151. Dilatory actions of justice of the peace denied defendant right to speedy trial. State v. Brockelman, 173 Kan. 469, 471, 473, 249 P.2d 692.

152. Prisoner who escapes before trial loses guarantee to speedy trial. State v. Aspinwall, 173 Kan. 699, 700, 702, 707, 709, 252 P.2d 841.

153. Waiver of former jeopardy where convicted defendant requests new trial. State v. Phillips, 175 Kan. 50, 53, 259 P.2d 185.

154. Negligent homicide section (K.S.A. 8-529) constitutional; not unreasonably indefinite or uncertain. State v. Ashton, 175 Kan. 164, 166, 169, 170, 172, 174, 175, 262 P.2d 123.

155. Mentioned; state's right to appeal under K.S.A. 62-1703 cannot be enlarged. State v. Ramirez, 175 Kan. 301, 309, 263 P.2d 239.

156. Defendant's actions prevented timely trial; release under K.S.A. 62-1431 denied. State v. Neal, 175 Kan. 597, 599, 600, 265 P.2d 1034.

157. Section is applicable only to criminal prosecutions; judicial inquisition act (K.S.A. 62-301) does not violate section. In re Ferris, 175 Kan. 704, 705, 710, 711, 713, 267 P.2d 190. Reversed: 348 U.S. 933, 75 S. Ct. 355, 99 L.Ed. 732.

158. Separate conviction for several offenses involved in same transaction upheld. Wagner v. Edmondson, 178 Kan. 554, 555, 290 P.2d 98.

159. Defendant held not denied speedy trial. State v. Stanley, 179 Kan. 613, 617, 296 P.2d 1088.

160. State's appeal caused delay; defendant entitled to discharge, when. State v. Hess, 180 Kan. 472, 473, 474, 475, 477, 478, 304 P.2d 474.

161. Absent witness; admission of testimony given at preliminary hearing proper under circumstances. State v. Bonskowski, 180 Kan. 726, 728, 308 P.2d 168.

162. Oral admissions against interest held admissible. State v. Fields, 182 Kan. 180, 185, 318 P.2d 1018.

163. Constitution does not guarantee criminal defendant appeal to supreme court. State v. Sims, 184 Kan. 587, 588, 337 P.2d 704.

164. A criminal statute, which neither requires a criminal intent nor defines with exactness the act forbidden, and has indefinite exceptions, is unconstitutional. State, ex rel., v. Fleming Co., 184 Kan. 674, 682, 683, 339 P.2d 12.

165. Section inapplicable to bastardy proceeding which is statutory action. State, ex rel., v. Pinkerton, 185 Kan. 68, 69, 70, 340 P.2d 393.

166. Defendant voluntarily absent; trial properly proceeded with; habeas corpus denied. Cox v. Hand, 185 Kan. 780, 782, 347 P.2d 265. Certiorari denied: 363 U.S. 822, 80 S. Ct. 1265, 4 L.Ed2d 1520.

167. Mentioned; probation hearing under K.S.A. 62-2244 held had "without unnecessary delay." Northcott v. Hand, 186 Kan. 662, 667, 352 P.2d 450.

168. Absent witness; testimony at preliminary hearing; foundation not established, inadmissible. State v. Tyler, 187 Kan. 58, 60, 353 P.2d 801.

169. "Speedy trial" of person incarcerated in penal institution defined by Chapter 62, Article 29. State v. Goetz, 187 Kan. 117, 119, 353 P.2d 816.

170. Guilty plea held waiver of guaranty of speedy trial. Moore v. Hand, 187 Kan. 260, 262, 263, 356 P.2d 809.

171. Accused not brought to trial within statutory time; defendant discharged; statute construed. State v. Williams, 187 Kan. 629, 630, 631, 632, 634, 635, 636, 360 P.2d 11.

172. Applied; conviction of mayhem; failure of state to sustain burden of proof; defendant discharged. State v. Wood, 188 Kan. 833, 840, 365 P.2d 1080.

173. Sunday closing act (K.S.A. 21-955, 21-956) in violation of this section; vague, indefinite, uncertain; provides no reasonably defined standard of guilt. State v. Hill, 189 Kan. 403, 405, 407, 410, 411, 412, 414, 369 P.2d 365.

174. Proceedings and conduct of murder trial and all matters related thereto reviewed by supreme court commissioners; defendants not deprived of fair trial. Hickock & Smith v. Hand. 190 Kan. 224, 232, 235, 373 P.2d 206. Certiorari denied: 372 U.S. 924, 83 S. Ct. 741, 9 L.Ed.2d 728.

175. Cited in denying writ of habeas corpus. McGee v. Crouse, 190 Kan. 615, 617, 376 P.2d 792.

176. Alleged trial errors reviewed and conviction upheld. State v. Wainwright, 190 Kan. 619, 620, 376 P.2d 829.

177. Guilty plea held waiver of right to speedy trial. Moore v. Crouse, 191 Kan. 323, 380 P.2d 373.

178. Kansas Constitution; U.S. supreme court bound by Kansas supreme court. Jack v. Kansas, 199 U.S. 372, 379, 26 S. Ct. 73, 50 L.Ed. 234.

179. Absent witness; introduction of testimony of such witness at previous trial of same issue permitted. State v. Guthrie, 192 Kan. 659, 661, 662, 665, 391 P.2d 95.

180. Evidence of oral admissions admitted; motion to quash information denied; trial held constitutional. State v. Turner, 193 Kan. 189, 190, 196, 200, 392 P.2d 863.

181. Privilege of defendant to testify in his behalf can be restricted by provisions of K.S.A. 62-1341. State v. Rider, 194 Kan. 398, 401, 339 P.2d 564.

182. Under circumstances, statement did not violate defendant's rights. State v. King, 194 Kan. 629, 632, 400 P.2d 975.

183. Accused not entitled to appointed counsel at every stage of the case. Powers v. State, 194 Kan. 820, 822, 402 P.2d 328.

184. Speedy trial legislatively defined in uniform mandatory disposition of detainers act (K.S.A. 62-2901). Brimer v. State, 195 Kan. 107, 110, 402 P.2d 789.

185. Cited; constitutionality of K.S.A. 41-2601 et seq., the private club act, upheld. Tri-State Hotel Co. v. Londerholm, 195 Kan. 748, 751, 408 P.2d 877.

186. Infringement of right to counsel considered. State v. Young, 196 Kan. 63, 68, 69, 410 P.2d 256.

187. Considered in upholding constitutionality of K.S.A. 50-503 (a) of the dairy practices act. State, ex rel., v. Fairmount Foods Co., 196 Kan. 73, 78, 410 P.2d 308.

188. K.S.A. 21-1212, prevention of animal nuisances, not so vague as to violate this section. State v. Johnson, 196 Kan. 208, 210, 410 P.2d 423.

189. Guaranty of a speedy trial does not refer to preliminary examination. Cooper v. State, 196 Kan. 421, 425, 411 P.2d 652; McCuan v. State, 196 Kan. 457, 462, 413 P.2d 69; Witt v. State, 197 Kan. 363, 367, 368, 369, 416 P.2d 717.

190. Price control of liquor under K.S.A. 41-1111 et seq., not violative hereof. Laird & Company v. Cheney, 196 Kan. 675, 682, 414 P.2d 18. Dismissed: 385 U.S. 371, 87 S. Ct. 531, 17 L.Ed.2d 430.

191. Speedy trial does not apply to preliminary hearing. State v. Lee, 197 Kan. 463, 419 P.2d 927. Certiorari denied: 386 U.S. 925, 87 S. Ct. 900, 17 L.Ed.2d 797.

192. Court may rule on new trial in absence of defendant where absence is by reason of escape. Kenreck v. State, 198 Kan. 21, 24, 422 P.2d 894.

193. Confession obtained without counsel not placed in evidence; appearance in police lineup not self-incrimination; delay of three days not unwarranted. Peterson v. State, 198 Kan. 26, 27, 28, 422 P.2d 567.

194. Cited; venue for "felony murder" where felony (kidnapping) is a continuing offense. State v. Zimmer, 198 Kan. 479, 498, 426 P.2d 267. Certiorari denied: 389 U.S. 933, 88 S. Ct. 298, 19 L.Ed.2d 286.

195. Rights not violated by court's failure to advise of statutory right to appeal. Ware v. State, 198 Kan. 523, 525, 426 P.2d 78.

196. Statutory requirements (K.S.A. 62-1431) satisfied; defendant not denied speedy trial. State v. Wilson, 198 Kan. 532, 533, 535, 536, 426 P.2d 288.

197. Conviction under city ordinance and also state law for same act not double jeopardy. Earwood v. State, 198 Kan. 659, 660, 426 P.2d 151.

198. Deceased person may not be tried for commission of crime. In re Estate of Pyke, 199 Kan. 1, 9, 427 P.2d 67.

199. Right to speedy trial not violated where delay caused by defendant's absence from state. State v. Chuning, 199 Kan. 215, 217, 218, 428 P.2d 843.

200. Requirement of trial by jury of county in which offense committed operates as limitation on venue. Addington v. State, 199 Kan. 554, 559, 561, 571, 431 P.2d 532.

201. Section not violated; delay of proceedings occasioned by defendant's appeal and new trial. State v. Young, 200 Kan. 20, 22, 28, 434 P.2d 820.

202. "Speedy trial" provision herein implemented by K.S.A. 62-1431, 62-1432. Evans v. Mitchell, 200 Kan. 290, 291, 436 P.2d 408.

203. Right of accused to be informed of penalty which the charge against him bears not within language of this section. King v. State, 200 Kan. 461, 466, 436 P.2d 855.

204. Defendant not denied impartial trial; where plea of guilty entered, trial court cannot be prejudiced in matters respecting accused's guilt or innocence. State v. Kilpatrick, 201 Kan. 6, 13, 14, 439 P.2d 99.

205. Deposition of witness erroneously admitted; right to confrontation not waived. State v. Hooks, 202 Kan. 68, 70, 446 P.2d 770.

206. Absent statutory authority, court has discretionary power to provide supporting services to assist counsel for indigent pursuant to its inherent authority to provide fair and impartial trial. State v. Taylor, 202 Kan. 202, 205, 447 P.2d 806.

207. Defendant's right to confront witnesses not violated where it is his adoptive statement being used against him rather than statement dependent upon credit of some absent third party. State v. Greer, 202 Kan. 212, 213, 214, 447 P.2d 837.

208. Privilege against self-incrimination does not apply to acts nontestimonial in nature; test to be applied in determining right to invoke privilege; comparison with 5th Amendment to U.S. Constitution; heel-to-toe balance test for sobriety upheld. State v. Faidley, 202 Kan. 517, 520, 522, 450 P.2d 20.

209. Prosecution for first degree murder; testimony given at preliminary examination admissible. State v. Terry, 202 Kan. 599, 601, 451 P.2d 211.

210. Defendant's counsel prohibited from referring to certain testimony on final argument; held not a denial of right to counsel. State v. Sharp, 202 Kan. 644, 649, 451 P.2d 137.

211. Alleged trial errors by defendant's counsel considered; defendant not denied right to effective assistance of counsel. State v. Cushinberry, 204 Kan. 65, 70, 460 P.2d 626.

212. Failure to deny incriminating statements by alleged accomplice not admissible evidence of guilt. State v. Bowman, 204 Kan. 234, 236, 461 P.2d 735.

213. Appellant's substantial rights not prejudiced by trial court's refusal to grant appellant's request to dismiss his appointed counsel. State v. Way, 204 Kan. 375, 378, 461 P.2d 820.

214. 62-401 mentioned as being merely a codification hereof. State v. Jones, 204 Kan. 719, 723, 466 P.2d 283.

215. Distinguished from 6th Amendment to U.S. constitution; right to speedy trial hereunder is statutorily defined; Uniform Mandatory Disposition of Detainers Act (K.S.A. 22-4301 et seq.) requires affirmative action by prison inmate or right is waived. State v. Brooks, 206 Kan. 418, 419, 420, 422, 479 P.2d 893.

216. Admission into evidence of boots taken forcibly from accused for purpose of identification does not violate rule against self-incrimination. State v. Dodson, 207 Kan. 437, 440, 485 P.2d 440.

217. Definition of speedy trial governed by provisions of the Uniform Mandatory Disposition of Detainers Act where prosecution pending against accused already in prison for another offense. State v. Ellis, 208 Kan. 59, 60, 490 P.2d 364.

218. Conviction under city ordinance and also state law for same act not double jeopardy. Cox v. State, 208 Kan. 190, 191, 490 P.2d 381.

219. Criminal prosecution under K.S.A. 21-734 (escape) not prohibited merely because prison discipline invoked. State v. Williams, 208 Kan. 480, 482, 483, 493 P.2d 258.

220. Testimony of jurors not competent for purpose of impugning verdict. Ingram v. Crouse, 322 F. Supp. 1328, 1329.

221. Cited; K.S.A. 22-3402 discussed as it applies to constitutional provisions; accused not denied right to speedy trial. State v. Davis, 209 Kan. 225, 226, 227, 495 P.2d 965.

222. Cited; conviction reversed because defendant not brought to trial within ninety days after arraignment. State v. Sanders, 209 Kan. 231, 232, 495 P.2d 1023.

223. "Terroristic threat" statute attacked as vague, indefinite, uncertain; held sufficiently explicit. State v. Gunzelman, 210 Kan. 481, 484, 486, 502 P.2d 705.

224. On-the-scene identification; prompt confrontation; distinct from post-indictment formal lineups. State v. Kress, 210 Kan. 522, 524, 502 P.2d 827.

225. Denial of speedy trial affects ability to present defense; damaging effect on health and rehabilitation potential. State v. Otero, 210 Kan. 530, 531, 502 P.2d 763.

226. Mentioned; conviction vacated because of state's delay in bringing accused to trial; K.S.A. 22-3402 implements and defines right hereunder. State v. Higby, 210 Kan. 554, 555, 502 P.2d 740.

227. Failure to exercise reasonable diligence to secure absent witness; error to admit testimony given at former trial. State v. Kirk, 211 Kan. 165, 170, 505 P.2d 619.

228. Double jeopardy provision prevents separate convictions from being carved out of one criminal delinquency; two convictions set aside as being duplicitous. Jarrell v. State, 212 Kan. 171, 173, 510 P.2d 127.

229. No denial of speedy trial where defendant spent less than 90 days in jail and part of time on bond. State v. Welch, 212 Kan. 180, 509 P.2d 1125.

230. Pleas of guilty voluntarily made; due process not violated; evidentiary hearing and appointment of counsel not required in K.S.A. 60-1507 proceeding. Ames v. State, 212 Kan. 409, 511 P.2d 219.

231. Judgment of acquittal terminates prosecution; double jeopardy bars appeal by the state. State v. Gustin, 212 Kan. 475, 480, 510 P.2d 1290.

232. Privilege against self-incrimination not violated by disclosure requirements of Kansas buyer protection act (K.S.A. 50-604). State, ex rel., v. Koscot Interplanetary, Inc., 212 Kan. 668, 676, 512 P.2d 416.

233. Defendant effectively waived right to be present at sentencing; court has jurisdiction to impose sentence where counsel appears. State v. Kelly, 213 Kan. 237, 241, 515 P.2d 1030.

234. Mentioned; failure of trial counsel to file notice of alibi is abstract question after defendant acquitted of charge. State v. Ralls, 213 Kan. 249, 254, 515 P.2d 1205.

235. Defendant not deprived of constitutional or statutory right to speedy trial; factors considered. State v. Smith, 215 Kan. 34, 39, 523 P.2d 691.

236. Right to confront and cross-examine witnesses takes precedence over statutory provisions against disclosure of records. State v. Wilkins, 215 Kan. 145, 147, 149, 523 P.2d 728.

237. K.S.A. 21-3815, concerning attempt to influence a judicial officer does not violate section. State v. Torline, 215 Kan. 539, 541, 542, 527 P.2d 994.

238. K.S.A. 22-3402 implements and defines constitutional guarantee to speedy trial; computation of time. State v. Pendergrass, 215 Kan. 806, 807, 528 P.2d 1190.

239. Statute relating to indecent liberties with a child (K.S.A. 21-3503 (1) (b)) violated due process; vague. State v. Conley, 216 Kan. 66, 67, 531 P.2d 36.

240. Cited in holding that right against self-incrimination not abridged where testimony required under grant of immunity from prosecution. In re Birdsong, 216 Kan. 297, 299, 532 P.2d 1301.

241. Defendant could not claim double jeopardy where conviction reversed and case dismissed; K.S.A. 22-3108 applied; no denial of rights; compliance with detainer act. State v. Dolack, 216 Kan. 622, 630, 631, 634, 636, 533 P.2d 1282.

242. Factors applied in determining that defendant was not denied speedy trial. State v. Fink, 217 Kan. 671, 672, 673, 676, 680, 538 P.2d 1390.

243. Failure to state precise time of offense in indictment did not deprive defendant of constitutional rights; not indispensable ingredient of offense. State v. Wonser, 217 Kan. 406, 407, 537 P.2d 197.

244. Method of jury selection did not violate defendant's rights to trial by impartial jury under federal or state constitutions. State v. Campbell, 217 Kan. 756, 761, 539 P.2d 329.

245. Under facts accused not denied speedy trial where delay of fourteen months; noncompliance with agreement on detainers act. Ekis, Petitioner v. Darr, 217 Kan. 817, 822, 826, 539 P.2d 16.

246. Evidence of refusal of handwriting exemplar properly admitted; outside scope of privilege. State v. Haze, 218 Kan. 60, 62, 63, 542 P.2d 720.

247. Right to jury trial extends only to where right existed at common law; disciplinary proceedings to determine judicial propriety only. In re Rome, 218 Kan. 198, 204, 542 P.2d 676.

248. Failure to grant new trial after discovery of juror misconduct not reversible error; judicial discretion. State v. Arney, 218 Kan. 369, 371, 544 P.2d 334.

249. Appearance of accused in prison garb at trial (before jury panel), did not constitute reversible error; not unfair trial. State v. Hall, 220 Kan. 712, 714, 715, 556 P.2d 413.

250. Defendant juvenile tried as adult was not denied a speedy trial. State v. Lewis, 220 Kan. 791, 794, 795, 796, 556 P.2d 888.

251. Mere allegation of conflict of interest of counsel insufficient to show denial of accused's constitutional rights. State v. Gross, 221 Kan. 98, 102, 558 P.2d 665.

252. Applied; reference in information charging heroin possession to prior conviction not error; proof after conviction. State v. Loudermilk, 221 Kan. 157, 158, 557 P.2d 1229.

253. Reversible error in admission of out-of-court statements; defendant's rights hereunder to effective cross-examination violated. State v. Fisher, 222 Kan. 76, 80, 563 P.2d 1012.

254. No abridgment of defendant's right to compulsory process; no abuse of discretion in limiting defendant's participation in his defense. State v. Ames, 222 Kan. 88, 98, 563 P.2d 1034.

255. K.S.A. 1976 Supp. 21-3431 violative of section; impermissibly vague. State v. Kirby, 222 Kan. 1, 3, 4, 563 P.2d 408.

256. Conviction of heroin sale reversed; hearsay evidence. State v. Collazo, 1 Kan. App. 2d 654, 574 P.2d 214.

257. Defendant convicted of traffic offense could not be convicted of aggravated assault based upon identical conduct; double jeopardy. State v. Becker, 1 Kan. App. 2d 671, 672, 573 P.2d 1096.

258. Absence of witness from jurisdiction does not provide sufficient ground for suspension of confrontation requirements of constitutions. State v. Davis, 2 Kan. App. 2d 10, 11, 573 P.2d 1124.

259. Conviction of aggravated battery and other crimes upheld; rights to confront witnesses not violated. State v. Bailey, 223 Kan. 178, 180, 573 P.2d 590.

260. Instruction of defendant's failure to testify not prejudicial. State v. Perry, 223 Kan. 230, 231, 573 P.2d 989.

261. Aggravated battery not lesser included offense of crime of attempted murder; conviction reversed. State v. Daniels, 223 Kan. 266, 271, 573 P.2d 607.

262. Trial held within reasonable time; no prejudice; conviction affirmed. State v. Sanders, 224 Kan. 138, 140, 578 P.2d 702.

263. Appeal from pre-trial order in criminal case properly dismissed; not appealable order. State v. Fisher, 2 Kan. App. 2d 354, 356, 579 P.2d 167.

264. Mentioned in upholding constitutionality of K.S.A. 60-477a (rape shield statute). In re Nichols, 2 Kan. App. 2d 431, 433, 434, 580 P.2d 1370.

265. Conviction of minor as adult reversed; did not receive fair treatment and fair trial. State v. Gammill, 2 Kan. App. 2d 627, 628, 585 P.2d 1074.

266. Requirements inapplicable to preindictment delay unless delay for tactical advantage. State v. McCorgary, 224 Kan. 677, 682, 683.

267. Test for determining constitutionality of statute stated; K.S.A. 21-4301 (3) constitutional except for words "Other similar justification." State v. Next Door Cinema Corp., 225 Kan. 112, 587 P.2d 326.

268. Issue of speedy trial may be raised only in demanding state; extradition proceeding. Longoria v. Sheriff of Leavenworth County, 225 Kan. 248, 589 P.2d 607.

269. Defendants charged with false writing and conspiracy denied speedy trial. State v. Cuezze, Houston & Faltico, 225 Kan. 274, 277, 278, 283, 589 P.2d 626.

270. Test for whether statute vague or indefinite in violation of this section mentioned. State v. Stauffer Communications, Inc., 225 Kan. 540, 545, 592 P.2d 891.

271. Cited in construing K.S.A. 22-3415 as conferring power on attorney general and district and county attorneys to grant immunity for testimony before an administrative agency. Governmental Ethics Commission v. Cahill, 225 Kan. 772, 775, 594 P.2d 1103.

272. Provision (1)(a) of K.S.A. 21-3608 held unconstitutionally vague and indefinite for failure to establish reasonably definite standards of guilt required by due process of law. State v. Meinert 225 Kan. 816, 817, 594 P.2d 232.

273. Mentioned in discussion of right to speedy trial; statutory provisions relating to speedy trial discussed. State v. Taylor, 3 Kan. App. 2d 316, 320, 594 P.2d 262.

274. Statute prohibiting forgery held sufficiently definite and certain as to conduct proscribed; no violation. State v. Norris, 226 Kan. 90, 91, 93, 595 P.2d 1110.

275. Double jeopardy; in balancing interests of defendant versus need to declare a mistrial, held second trial was double jeopardy. State v. Bates, 226 Kan. 277, 280, 283, 597 P.2d 646.

276. Vehicular homicide statute (K.S.A. 21-3405) not unconstitutional for vagueness. State v. Randol, 226 Kan. 347, 348, 355, 597 P.2d 672.

277. Trial court erred in not issuing bench warrant for a minor who was material witness; judgment reversed. State v. Jones, 226 Kan. 503, 508, 601 P.2d 1135.

278. Factors in determining whether right to speedy trial is violated are length of delay, assertion of right, reason for delay and prejudice resulting from delay. State v. Wilson, 227 Kan. 619, 621, 608 P.2d 1344.

279. Witness' testimony at prior hearing inadmissible if defendant had no opportunity to cross-examine at prior hearing and witness refuses to testify at trial. State v. Lomax & Williams, 227 Kan. 651, 657, 608 P.2d 959.

280. Right to speedy trial not violated by 243 day delay. State v. Ward, 227 Kan. 663, 665, 668, 608 P.2d 1351.

281. Mentioned; double jeopardy protections under constitution and Kansas statute construed and applied. In re Berkowitz, 3 Kan. App. 2d 726, 735, 602 P.2d 99.

282. Under facts, accused denied right to speedy trial where delay nineteen and one-half months; writ of habeas corpus granted. Williams v. Darr, 4 Kan. App. 2d 178, 603 P.2d 1021.

283. Admission of declarant's out-of-court statement does not violate right of confrontation so long as declarant is witness subject to cross-examination. State v. Holt, 228 Kan. 16, 22, 612 P.2d 570.

284. Right of confrontation satisfied when defendant confronted witness at preliminary hearing; conviction affirmed. State v. Mick, 229 Kan. 157, 161, 621 P.2d 1006.

285. Statements made by deceased coparticipant to his wife are not admissible at trial of defendant. State v. Myers, 229 Kan. 168, 170, 171, 174, 625 P.2d 1111.

286. Nontestimonial communications are not protected. State v. Wilson, 5 Kan. App. 2d 130, 131, 613 P.2d 384.

287. Indigent parents must have counsel appointed to represent them at a deprived child hearing. In re Cooper, 5 Kan. App. 2d 584, 586, 621 P.2d 437.

288. Arrest of judgment and dismissal is not an acquittal; second trial on same charge not double jeopardy. State v. Love, 5 Kan. App. 2d 768, 769, 625 P.2d 7.

289. Declaration of mistrial; retrial held not double jeopardy. State v. Folkerts, 229 Kan. 608, 609, 629 P.2d 173 (1981).

290. Constitutional grounds for reversal of a judgment asserted for the first time on appeal are not properly brought before the appellate court for review. In re Price, 7 Kan. App. 2d 477, 483, 644 P.2d 467 (1982).

291. A state has no constitutional duty to provide technical pretrial assistance. State v. Reynolds, 230 Kan. 532, 534, 639 P.2d 461 (1982).

292. Cited; defendant may waive K.S.A. 60-460(c) protection of meeting witness face-to-face. State v. Busse, 231 Kan. 108, 110, 111, 642 P.2d 972 (1982).

293. Cited in discussing constitutional aspects of K.S.A. 22-2616, relating to venue. State v. Miesbauer, 232 Kan. 291, 295, 654 P.2d 934 (1982).

294. Review of record shows defendant was not denied constitutional or statutory right to speedy trial. State v. Strong, 8 Kan. App. 2d 589, 591, 663 P.2d 668 (1983).

295. Guilty pleas to traffic violations did not bar subsequent prosecution of criminal charges pending against defendant. State v. Fisher, 233 Kan. 29, 34, 661 P.2d 791 (1983).

296. Other factors outweighed "length of delay" in determining that right to speedy trial not violated. State v. Calderon, 233 Kan. 87, 94, 96, 661 P.2d 781 (1983).

297. Defendant's right of confrontation not violated by admission of deposition when record shows 300 questions asked by defense counsel at deposition. State v. Lashley, 233 Kan. 620, 627, 664 P.2d 1358 (1983).

298. Delay in this case held not presumptively prejudicial and defendant does not contend he was prejudiced by delay; rights not violated. State v. Rosine, 233 Kan. 663, 664, 666, 664 P.2d 852 (1983).

299. Refusal to take blood alcohol test is choice made by accused; privilege against self-incrimination does not apply. State v. Compton, 233 Kan. 690, 694, 664 P.2d 1370 (1983).

300. Mentioned in noting constitutionality of K.S.A. 8-1001 (consent to blood alcohol test) previously upheld. State v. Reves, 233 Kan. 972, 980, 666 P.2d 1190 (1983).

301. Where defendant testified at own trial, court erred in prohibiting cross-examination regarding refusal to testify at earlier trial of fellow defendant. State v. Nott, 234 Kan. 34, 36, 40, 669 P.2d 660 (1983).

302. Use of "substantially" in K.S.A. 8-1749a relative to use of one-way glass in motor vehicle not unconstitutionally vague. State v. Rose, 234 Kan. 1044, 1045, 1051, 677 P.2d 1011 (1984).

303. Double jeopardy prevents multiple punishment for same crime, not trial of greater charge after plea to lesser one. State v. Freeman, 236 Kan. 274, 281, 285, 689 P.2d 885 (1984).

304. Prostitution statute (K.S.A. 21-3512) neither vague nor overly broad. State v. Parker, 236 Kan. 353, 356, 690 P.2d 1353 (1984).

305. No violation shown by admitting videotaped deposition of victim pursuant to K.S.A. 22-3211. State v. Wooldridge, 237 Kan. 737, 741, 703 P.2d 1375 (1985).

306. Where information fails to meet factual basis requirement, defendant denied due process and right to be informed. State v. Snyder, 10 Kan. App. 2d 450, 458, 701 P.2d 969 (1985).

307. Four relevant factors in determining speedy trial question discussed; 194 days from arrest to trial not presumptively prejudicial. State v. Huber, 10 Kan. App. 2d 560, 561, 563, 704 P.2d 1004 (1985).

308. Right to counsel infringed where law partner represents another charged with same crime and conflict arises. State v. Lem'Mons, 238 Kan. 1, 705 P.2d 552 (1985).

309. Hearsay evidence (K.S.A. 60-460) must pass confrontational tests in criminal case; statements of uncharged coconspirator pleading self-incrimination at trial discussed. State v. Bird, 238 Kan. 160, 174, 708 P.2d 946 (1985).

310. Cited; allowing preliminary hearing transcript of testimony into evidence examined where witness unavailable at trial. State v. Ruebke, 240 Kan. 493, 517, 731 P.2d 842 (1987).

311. Conviction of both felony murder and underlying felony does not violate double jeopardy. State v. Martin, 241 Kan. 732, 741, 740 P.2d 577 (1987).

312. Constitutionality of ex parte order of psychiatric evaluation on insanity defense (K.S.A. 22-3219) issue examined. State v. Maas, 242 Kan. 44, 744 P.2d 1222 (1987).

313. Cited; necessity for accused's assent to trial by less than 12-person jury (K.S.A. 22-3403) examined. State v. Hood, 242 Kan. 115, 744 P.2d 816 (1987).

314. Cited; instruction and conviction upon theory not in information or brought before court as denial of due process examined. State v. Jones, 242 Kan. 385, 397, 748 P.2d 839 (1988).

315. Cited; legal obligation of county to provide counsel for indigent defendants charged with misdemeanors, hourly rate allowed examined. Board of Osage County Comm'rs v. Burns, 242 Kan. 544, 546, 747 P.2d 1338 (1988).

316. Cited; effective assistance of appellate counsel v. trial counsel examined. Baker v. State, 243 Kan. 1, 6, 755 P.2d 493 (1988).

317. K.S.A. 55-904 held unconstitutionally vague (prior to 1982 amendments). State v. Lackey, 232 Kan. 478, 657 P.2d 40 (1983).

318. Statute prohibiting making of false writing (K.S.A. 21-3711) not unconstitutionally vague and indefinite. State v. Ward, 11 Kan. App. 2d 147, 716 P.2d 594 (1986).

319. Convictions for felony murder, aggravated kidnapping and aggravated robbery as not violating double jeopardy examined. State v. Dunn, 243 Kan. 414, 432, 758 P.2d 718 (1988).

320. Defendant should not be able to challenge mistrial declaration and claim double jeopardy where mistrial caused by defense attorney. State v. Burnett, 13 Kan. App. 2d 60, 63, 64, 762 P.2d 192 (1988).

321. Right to confrontation waived when defendant procures absence of witness. State v. Gettings, 244 Kan. 236, 239, 240, 769 P.2d 25 (1989).

322. Trial within original statutory limitation plus court-allowed 30-day continuance (K.S.A. 22-3402) does not violate right to speedy trial. State v. Clements, 244 Kan. 411, 413, 415, 770 P.2d 447 (1989).

323. Double jeopardy attaches once jury sworn in (K.S.A. 21-3108); second trial barred where no manifest necessity for mistrial exists. In re Habeas Corpus Petition of Mason, 245 Kan. 111, 115, 775 P.2d 179 (1989).

324. Sufficiency of trial court's individualized finding regarding trauma to child-victim witness if testifying in open court (K.S.A. 22-3434) examined. State v. Albert, 13 Kan. App. 2d 671, 673, 778 P.2d 386 (1989).

325. Failure to compel attendance of or deposition of out-of-state witness examined. State v. Goss, 245 Kan. 189, 196, 777 P.2d 781 (1989).

326. Jury instruction and jury form not requiring unanimous decision nor theory on first degree murder (K.S.A. 21-3401) examined. State v. Hartfield, 245 Kan. 431, 445, 781 P.2d 1050 (1989).

327. Conviction of both underlying felony and felony murder as not double jeopardy examined. State v. Gonzales, 245 Kan. 691, 702, 783 P.2d 1239 (1989).

328. Convictions of both first degree murder (K.S.A. 21-3401) and aggravated kidnapping (K.S.A. 21-3421) do not constitute double jeopardy. State v. Pioletti, 246 Kan. 49, 67, 785 P.2d 963 (1990).

329. Reversal of felony murder conviction where child abuse underlying felony does not bar retrial on second-degree murder charge. In re Habeas Corpus Petition of Lucas, 246 Kan. 486, 789 P.2d 1157 (1990).

330. Information defect challenges first raised on appeal shall be reviewed by applying reasoning and common sense rule in material cited. State v. Hall, 246 Kan. 728, 730, 753, 793 P.2d 737 (1990).

331. Right to speedy trial compared with U.S. Constitution Sixth Amendment and statutory right in K.S.A. 22-3402. State v. Smith, 247 Kan. 455, 457, 799 P.2d 497 (1990).

332. Admission of preliminary hearing testimony of witness unavailable at trial permitted where cross-examination opportunity existed at hearing. State v. Wesson, 247 Kan. 639, 649, 650, 802 P.2d 574 (1990).

333. State's dismissal of action based on necessity and refiling same as not an avoidance of speedy trial limitations (K.S.A. 22-3402) examined. State v. Jamison, 248 Kan. 302, 306, 806 P.2d 972 (1991).

334. Double jeopardy as not attaching where arson conviction followed prior drug conviction; two separate acts in two proceedings noted. State v. Dunn, 249 Kan. 488, 495, 820 P.2d 412 (1991).

335. Defendant personally, and not counsel, as having the right to assent to a jury less than 12 noted. State v. Roland, 15 Kan. App. 2d 296, 300, 807 P.2d 705 (1991).

336. Right of accused to call witnesses on own behalf does not prevent court from excluding irrelevant testimony. State v. Pichon, 15 Kan. App. 2d 527, 530, 811 P.2d 517 (1991).

337. Circumstances where a second trial may be had after a mistrial has been declared examined. State v. Ribadeneira, 15 Kan. App. 2d 734, 750, 817 P.2d 1105 (1991).

338. Violation of confrontation clause, when child victim's statements admissible examined. State v. Bratt, 250 Kan. 264, 265, 268, 824 P.2d 983 (1992).

339. Cited in holding that criminal solicitation and aiding and abetting are separate offenses; convictions not violative of double jeopardy clause or concept of multiplicity. State v. Edwards, 250 Kan. 320, 826 P.2d 1355 (1992).

340. Provision discussed where admissibility of acts constituting crime that has been expunged at issue. Pope v. Ransdell, 251 Kan. 112, 127, 833 P.2d 965 (1992).

341. Use of voter registration lists as sole source for jury panels as neither statutorily or constitutionally impermissible discussed. State v. Bailey, 251 Kan. 156, 160, 834 P.2d 342 (1992).

342. Memorial plaque in courthouse honoring victim shot by defendant for which he was to be tried did not deny fair trial. State v. Tyler, 251 Kan. 616, 638, 840 P.2d 413 (1992).

343. Possible evidence of law officer's reputation for excessive force in making arrests (K.S.A. 21-3215) examined. State v. Deavers, 252 Kan. 149, 156, 843 P.2d 695 (1992).

344. Hearsay nature of certain conversations, statements, and reports of deceased confidential informant examined. State v. Rowe, 252 Kan. 243, 251, 843 P.2d 714 (1992).

345. When oral modification of original charge and submission of lesser included offense to jury does not constitute double jeopardy examined. State v. Josenberger, 17 Kan. App. 2d 167, 170, 836 P.2d 11 (1992).

346. No prejudice from delay of trial; Barker v. Wingo analysis applied. State v. Green, 252 Kan. 548, 549, 847 P.2d 1208 (1993).

347. Statutory prohibition against impeachment of jury verdict inapplicable when right to trial violated by jury misconduct. Saucedo v. Winger, 252 Kan. 718, 726, 850 P.2d 908 (1993).

348. Court correctly dismissed information lacking sufficient specificity to inform defendant of charges to defend against. State v. Garrison, 252 Kan. 929, 935, 850 P.2d 244 (1993).

349. Trial court's refusal to allow testimony of three unendorsed defense witnesses examined. State v. Coleman, 253 Kan. 335, 343, 856 P.2d 121 (1993).

350. Governor's discretion in granting extradition demand, attachment of double jeopardy protection examined. Dunn v. Hindman, 18 Kan. App. 2d 537, 538, 855 P.2d 994 (1993).

351. Constitutionally impermissible for prosecution to cross-examine defendant about post-arrest and post-Miranda silence or to comment on same during closing arguments. State v. Foust, 18 Kan. App. 2d 617, 625, 857 P.2d 1368 (1993).

352. Whether nolo contendere plea waives defendant's right to claim double jeopardy examined. In re Habeas Corpus Application of Coulter, 18 Kan. App. 2d 795, 796, 799, 800, 860 P.2d 51 (1993).

353. Whether unavailability of declarant must be shown before declarant's hearsay statement may be considered for admission examined. State v. Willey, 18 Kan. App. 2d 837, 838, 860 P.2d 67 (1993).

354. Whether prosecution provoked defendant's requests for mistrial in first trial as bar to retrial on double jeopardy grounds examined. State v. Cady 254 Kan. 393, 396, 397, 867 P.2d 270 (1994).

355. Whether prosecution's efforts to obtain material evidence denied defendant the right to a speedy trial examined. State v. Green, 254 Kan. 669, 671, 867 P.2d 366 (1994).

356. Whether admission of codefendant's out-of-court redacted confession distorted complete statement's meaning depriving codefendant of fair trial examined. State v. Rakestraw, 255 Kan. 35, 43, 871 P.2d 1274 (1994).

357. Whether separate kidnappings supported prosecuting defendant twice for multiplicitous charges and double jeopardy purposes examined. State v. Baker, 255 Kan. 680, 683, 877 P.2d 946 (1994).

358. Whether section provides more protection against self-incrimination than federal constitution examined. State v. Morris, 255 Kan. 964, 968, 880 P.2d 1244 (1994).

359. Whether court's denying defendant opportunity to cross-examine witness regarding specific conduct and SRS reports violated confrontation clause examined. State v. Rowell, 256 Kan. 200, 210, 883 P.2d 1184 (1994).

360. Whether judge has discretion to grant or deny defendant's request for self-representation after trial commences examined. State v. Collins, 257 Kan. 408, 411, 893 P.2d 217 (1995).

361. Whether convictions of arson and conspiracy to commit arson are multiplicitous examined. State v. Eastridge, 20 Kan. App. 2d 973, 975, 894 P.2d 243 (1995).

362. Assessments ordered pursuant to drug tax act (K.S.A. 79-5201 et seq.) do not constitute criminal punishment for double jeopardy purposes. State v. Gulledge, 257 Kan. 915, 920, 896 P.2d 378 (1995).

363. Civil administrative sanction of driver's license suspension for DUI violation does not constitute punishment for double jeopardy purposes. State v. Mertz, 258 Kan. 745, 749, 907 P.2d 847 (1995).

364. Where party to security agreement executed in Kansas disposes of collateral out-of-state venue proper in county agreement executed. State v. Jurdan, 258 Kan. 848, 851, 893 P.2d 267 (1995).

365. Defendant's double jeopardy rights violated by prosecutor's intentional conduct forcing defendant to request mistrial. State v. McClanahan, 259 Kan. 86, 101, 910 P.2d 193 (1996).

366. Defendant's burden of proof in challenging indictment when bill of particulars is insufficient or not granted examined. State v. Wright, 259 Kan. 117, 124, 128, 911 P.2d 166 (1996).

367. Sexually violent predator act (K.S.A. 59-29a01) does not violate constitutional ban against double jeopardy (dissenting opinion). In re Care & Treatment of Hendricks, 259 Kan. 246, 289, 912 P.2d 129 (1996).

368. Expulsion of student from public school for possessing gun does not constitute punishment for double jeopardy purposes. In re C.M.J., 259 Kan. 854, 857, 915 P.2d 62 (1996).

369. No error in admission of unavailable witness preliminary hearing testimony; finding of unavailability of witness affirmed. State v. Vargas, 260 Kan. 791, 797, 926 P.2d 223 (1996).

370. Prison disciplinary action brought against inmate does not bar subsequent criminal prosecution on double jeopardy grounds. State v. Harlin, 260 Kan. 881, 882, 925 P.2d 1149 (1996).

371. Multiplicitous crimes may be charged under K.S.A. 21-3107 (1) but defendant cannot be punished more than once for same crime. State v. Esher, 22 Kan. App. 2d 779, 780, 781, 922 P.2d 1123 (1996).

372. Forfeiture of defendant's property did not constitute punishment for double jeopardy clause purposes. Thompson v. State, 23 Kan. App. 2d 305, 307, 929 P.2d 803 (1996).

373. Convictions for felony murder and underlying felony do not constitute double jeopardy. State v. Holt, 260 Kan. 33, 44, 917 P.2d 1332 (1997).

374. Double jeopardy precluded retrial after magistrate abused discretion by granting mistrial on forum non conveniens grounds. State v. Johnson, 261 Kan. 496, 498, 932 P.2d 380 (1997).

375. Rights of person called as witness in an inquisition. In re Investigation into Homicide of T.H., 23 Kan. App. 2d 471, 472, 474, 932 P.2d 1023 (1997).

376. Consecutive sentences for use of firearm and unlawful possession of firearm not double jeopardy. State v. Cashman, 23 Kan. App. 2d 580, 932 P.2d 469 (1997).

377. Noncustodial interrogation interview admissible; request for counsel ambiguous; prosecutor's comment not necessarily of character as one on defendant's failure to testify; no double jeopardy violation for felony murder and underlying felony convictions. State v. Ninci, 262 Kan. 21, 34, 47, 55, 936 P.2d 1364 (1997).

378. Contention that deliberating juror's dismissal due to belief of case outcome constitutionally improper recognized; verdict must be unanimous. State v. Cheek, 262 Kan. 91, 100, 108, 936 P.2d 749 (1997).

379. Subsequent prosecution following dismissal not barred as double jeopardy; no evidence heard by trial court in dismissed case. State v. Beerbower, 262 Kan. 248, 936 P.2d 248 (1997).

380. Kansas drug tax act (K.S.A.79-5201 et seq.) does not constitute a criminal penalty for double jeopardy purposes. State v. Yeoman, 24 Kan. App. 2d 639, 640, 951 P.2d 634 (1997).

381. Defendant may introduce exculpatory portion of defendant's statements introduced by prosecution without testifying and regardless of hearsay rule. State v. Hills, 264 Kan. 437, 438, 957 P.2d 436 (1998).

382. Conviction and imposition of consecutive sentences for felony murder and aggravated robbery does not constitute double jeopardy. State v. Mims, 264 Kan. 506, 516, 956 P.2d 1337 (1998).

383. Comment by prosecutor was not unconstitutionally improper reference to defendant's failure to testify. State v. Higgenbotham, 264 Kan. 593, 600, 957 P.2d 416 (1998).

384. Correctional sexual abuse treatment program which requires inmate to admit responsibility to participate or lose privileges does not violate right against self-incrimination. Bankes v. Simmons, 265 Kan. 341, 351, 963 P.2d 412 (1998).

385. Imposition of increased sentence at resentencing based on new convictions does not violate double jeopardy. State v. Patry, 266 Kan. 108, 113, 867 P.2d 737 (1998).

386. Under facts, convictions of attempted first-degree murder and aggravated battery were multiplicitous; aggravated battery conviction reversed. State v. Perry, 266 Kan. 224, 228, 968 P.2d 674 (1998).

387. Prosecution of charges defendant acquitted of by magistrate court in de novo appeal to district court violates due process and double jeopardy. State v. Derusseau, 25 Kan. App. 2d 544, 547, 966 P.2d 694 (1998).

388. Evidence of present crime introduced under K.S.A. 60-455 in prior prosecution; dismissal on double jeopardy grounds under K.S.A. 21-3108(2)(a) upheld. State v. Barnhart, 266 Kan. 541, 542, 544, 972 P.2d 1106 (1999).

389. No double jeopardy violation where court declared mistrial but after conviction in second trial defendant claims mistrial in first trial should have been granted on other issues raised by defendant. State v. Williams, 268 Kan. 1, 7, 988 P.2d 722 (1999).

390. Promise not to prosecute for prior false statement if witness would testify truthfully is not impeachment evidence requiring disclosure prior to trial; no error in denying motion for mistrial. State v. Williams, 268 Kan. 1, 10, 988 P.2d 722 (1999).

391. Qualification of child witness should occur outside presence of jury; judge's sua sponte examination requires reversal. State v. Chappell, 26 Kan. App. 2d 275, 281, 987 P.2d 1114 (1999).

392. Consecutive sentences for felony murder and criminal discharge of a firearm do not violate double jeopardy. State v. Rayton, 268 Kan. 711, 1 P.3d 854 (2000).

393. Right to counsel is guaranteed; defendant may proceed pro se after making a knowing and intelligent waiver of right to counsel. State v. Mixon, 27 Kan. App. 2d 49, 998 P.2d 519 (2000).

394. Conviction under K.S.A. 65-4141 and underlying felony are not double jeopardy; Legislature intended separate punishments. State v. Kee, 27 Kan. App. 2d 677, 6 P.3d 938 (2000).

395. Error for court not to grant motion for mistrial where one of jurors stated he had heard none of defendant's testimony. State v. Hayes, 270 Kan. 535, 17 P.3d 317 (2001).

396. Defendant has right to be confronted with witnesses against him. State v. Manning, 270 Kan. 674, 19 P.3d 84 (2001).

397. Protections of double jeopardy clause in U.S. Constitution contained in Kansas Constitution. State v. Thompkins, 271 Kan. 324, 21 P.3d 997 (2001).

398. Possessing a floppy disk containing two or more sexually explicit images of a child is a single act and cannot be divided into two or more distinct acts for prosecution. State v. Donham, 29 Kan. App. 2d 78, 24 P.3d 750 (2001).

399. Charges are multiplicitous where (1) same evidence is required to prove both crimes and (2) one offense is an included offense of the other. State v. Garcia, 272 Kan. 140, 32 P.3d 188 (2001).

400. Multiplicitous to charge illegal sale of drugs and receiving proceeds from illegal drug transactions. State v. Betz, 29 Kan. App. 2d 575, 30 P.3d 1037 (2001).

401. Where no manifest necessity for a mistrial exists and such is granted, bar against double jeopardy applies. In re Habeas Corpus Petition of Minnis, 29 Kan. App. 2d 644, 29 P.3d 462 (2001).

402. Section does not prohibit accused from admitting guilt or pleading no contest to criminal charges. Hogan v. State, 30 Kan. App. 2d 151, 38 P.3d 746 (2002).

403. Double jeopardy claims asserting multiplicity of charges will be determined by same-elements test; legislative intent clear that there can be multiple punishments. State v. Schoonover, 281 Kan. 453, 495, 498, 504, 133 P.3d 48 (2006).

404. No double jeopardy violation where same-elements test applied. State v. Unruh, 281 Kan. 520, 534, 133 P.3d 35 (2006).

405. Same-elements test used for double jeopardy analysis where convictions arise out of same course of conduct. State v. Potts, 281 Kan. 863, 135 P.3d 1054 (2006).

406. Double jeopardy clause not violated when court used firing into crowded dance floor as aggravating factor for sentencing. State v. Kirtdoll, 281 Kan. 1138, 1153, 136 P.3d 417 (2006).

407. Defendant's multiple convictions can not stand where only one victim was robbed. State v. Pham, 281 Kan. 1227, 1251, 1253, 136 P.3d 919 (2006).

408. Defendants convictions not multiplicitous under strict elements test. State v. Moody, 35 Kan. App. 2d 547, 570, 132 P.3d 985 (2006).

409. Testimony of child-witness by closed-circuit television does not violate defendant's constitution rights. State v. Blanchette, 35 Kan. App. 2d 686, 699, 134 P.3d 19 (2006).

410. No right to counsel, either retained or appointed, in prison disciplinary proceedings. Dawson v. Bruce, 36 Kan. App. 2d 221, 225, 138 P.3d 1234 (2006).

411. Kansas applies the same-elements test in determining whether convictions are multiplicitous. State v. Smith, 36 Kan. App. 2d 606, 611, 142 P.3d 739 (2006).

412. Statements made to police regarding purpose of 911 call were not testimonial, and admission did not violate the Confrontation Clause. State v. Araujo, 36 Kan. App. 2d 747, 748, 144 P.3d 66 (2006).

413. Interview was investigatory interrogation, not a custodial interrogation requiring Miranda warnings. State v. Jones, 283 Kan. 186, 201, 151 P.3d 22 (2007).

414. Defendant's convictions not multiplicitous, no double jeopardy violation. State v. Fisher, 283 Kan. 272, 314, 154 P.3d 455 (2007).

415. Imposition of hard 40 sentence does not violate federal or Kansas constitutional rights. State v. Albright, 283 Kan. 418, 423, 153 P.3d 497 (2007).

416. Prosecutorial statement not such as to bar retrial under double jeopardy grounds. State v. Morton, 283 Kan. 464, 471, 153 P.3d 532 (2007).

417. No double jeopardy; felony murder and inherently dangerous felony in K.S.A. 21-3436 separate offenses allowing cumulative punishments. State v. Walker, 283 Kan. 587, 612, 153 P.3d 1257 (2007).

418. Unfavorable post-conviction DNA testing not continuation of trial, no right of confrontation; strict rules of evidence not applicable. State v. Denney, 283 Kan. 781, 791, 793, 156 P.3d 1275 (2007).

419. Confrontation clause is implicated when hearsay statement is testimonial; testimonial evidence meaning discussed. State v. Stano, 284 Kan. 126, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 159 P.3d 931 (2007).

420. 21-3506 is constitutional, implicates goal of protecting children from sexual predators; mentioned in opinion discussing multiple acts case requiring jury unanimity on specific criminal acts. State v. Voyles, 284 Kan. 239, 251, 256, 160 P.3d 794 (2007).

421. Right to confront witness violated; witness was not available for cross-examination. State v. Henderson, 284 Kan. 267, 275, 160 P.3d 776 (2007).

422. Under state constitution, defendants entitled to same double jeopardy protection as U.S. Constitution. State v. Harris, 284 Kan. 560, 571, 162 P.3d 28 (2007).

423. Admission of hearsay statements violated constitutional right to confrontation. State v. Noah, 284 Kan. 608, 610, 611, 162 P.3d 799 (2007).

424. Confrontation clause not applicable to nonhearsay evidence and does not bar certain testimonial statements, when. State v. Araujo, 285 Kan. 214, 160 P.3d 1123 (2007).

425. Court discusses admission of hearsay in conjunction with confrontation rights and what constitutes "testimonial" statements. State v. Brown, 285 Kan. 261, 278, 282, 294, 173 P.3d 612 (2007).

426. Witness may have been influenced by courtroom bystander; new trial ordered. State v. Dayhuff, 37 Kan. App. 2d 779, 795, 158 P.3d 330 (2007).

427. In probation revocation where defendant not allowed to confront witness, court must make two-pronged evaluation; constitutional confrontation right satisfied when defendant had opportunity to cross-examine witness. State v. Palmer, 37 Kan. App. 2d 819, 821, 822, 825, 158 P.3d 363 (2007).

428. Multiple convictions for identity theft held not to constitute multiplicity or violate double jeopardy clause. State v. Green, 38 Kan. App. 2d 781, 784, 172 P.3d 1213 (2007).

429. In all prosecutions, accused shall be allowed a speedy trial in the county where offense committed. State v. Hunt, 285 Kan. 855, 859, 861, 176 P.3d 183 (2008).

430. Kansas Legislature did not intend cumulative punishments for capital murder and first-degree premeditated murder. State v. Scott, 286 Kan. 54, 65, 87, 183 P.3d 801 (2008).

431. Cited in opinion holding that juveniles have a constitutional right to jury trials. In re L.M., 286 Kan. 460, 472–74, 479, 186 P.3d 164 (2008).

432. Cited; court discusses double jeopardy analysis to drug crimes, unitary conduct and unit of prosecution test. State v. Thompson, 287 Kan. 238, 244, 200 P.3d 22 (2008).

433. Cited; court distinguishes custodial interrogations and investigative interrogations; Miranda warning, when required. State v. Vanek, 39 Kan. App. 2d 529, 532, 180 P.3d 1087 (2008).

434. Cited; provisions of K.S.A. 22-4529 relating to applications for appointed counsel in criminal cases held constitutional. State v. Casady, 40 Kan. App. 2d 335, 191 P.3d 1130 (2008).

435. Cited; alleged constitutional error to impanel jury to consider upward departure when defendant enters plea; no error found. State v. Horn, 40 Kan. App. 2d 687, 692, 196 P.3d 379 (2008).

436. Procedure for calculating offender's criminal history score does not violate constitutional rights. State v. Fischer, 288 Kan. 470, 203 P.3d 1269 (2009).

437. BIDS application fee procedures protect a defendant's constitutional right to counsel. State v. Casady, 289 Kan. 150, 210 P.3d 113 (2009).

438. Defendant's age is an element of aggravated indecent liberties with a child when charged as off-grid severity level offense. State v. Gonzales, 289 Kan. 351, 212 P.3d 215 (2009).

439. Indecent liberties victim under 13 permitted to testify by closed-circuit television; no confrontation rights violation. State v. Bejarano, 41 Kan. App. 2d 133, 202 P.3d 39 (2009).

440. Charges dismissed for violation of speedy trial rule; ICE detainer did not place hold on defendant. State v. Montes-Mata, 41 Kan. App. 2d 1078, 208 P.3d 770 (2009).

441. Convictions reversed for district court's failure to advise defendant of his right to a jury trial. State v. Bowers, 42 Kan. App. 2d 739, 216 P.3d 715 (2009).

442. Defendant's two theft convictions held not multiplicitous where his conduct constituted separate units of prosecution. State v. Hood. 44 Kan. App. 2d 145, 234 P.3d 853 (2010).

443. As trial court's order dismissing drug possession charge against defendant was not a judgment of acquittal and entered before trial, double jeopardy did not bar state's appeal of order. State v. Roberts, 293 Kan. 29, 259 P.3d 691 (2011).

444. Officer's failure to administer Miranda warning prior to asking a question likely to elicit an incriminating response violated arrestee's right to be free from being compelled to be a witness against himself. State v. Johnson, 46 Kan. App. 2d 387, 264 P.3d 1018 (2011).

445. No constitutional right violated when retrial was based on mistrial requested by defendant. State v. Miller, 293 Kan. 535, 264 P.3d 461 (2011).

446. Statements made to medical professionals subject to a "primary purpose" analysis to determine whether the statements violate confrontation clause. State v. Jones, 295 Kan. 1050, 288 P.3d 140 (2012).

447. The municipal court properly vacated a defendant's plea of misdemeanor theft and the state prosecuted him for felony theft; no double jeopardy attached. State v. Jenkins, 295 Kan. 431, 284 P.3d 1037 (2012).

448. Convictions for rape and attempted rape arose from the same course of conduct and thus was multiplicitious in violation of double jeopardy. State v. Weber, 297 Kan. 805, 304 P.3d 1262 (2013).

449. K.S.A. 21-3107(2)(b) supplants the same-elements test. State v. Hensley, 298 Kan. 422, 313 P.3d 814 (2013).

450. Court uses a mixed standard of review when defendant alleges presumed prejudice claim on appeal. State v. Carr, 300 Kan. 1, 56, 331 P.3d 544 (2014).

451. Defendant in a misdemeanor case has a right to a jury trial under the 6th Amendment to the United States constitution and section 10 of the bill of rights of the constitution of the state of Kansas if the offense is categorized as a serious offense but not if the offense is categorized as a petty offense; an offense is presumed to be a petty offense if the maximum term of imprisonment is six months or less, but an otherwise petty offense may be considered a serious one if the Legislature has adopted additional penalties so severe as to clearly reflect its judgment that the offense is a serious one. State v. Woolverton, 52 Kan. App. 2d 700, 701–03 (2016).

452. Defendant's convictions of criminal threat were not multiplicitous under unit of prosecution test because defendant made separate threats against separate victims. State v. Hirsch, 54 Kan. App. 2d 705, 720, 405 P.3d 41 (2017).

453. When a person completes an original criminal sentence, even if an illegal sentence, without a court order that superseded the judgment of the original sentencing judge, that person is deemed to be discharged from custody, and any additional sentence for the same offense is double jeopardy. State v. Lehman, 308 Kan. 1089, 1099, 427 P.3d 840 (2018).

454. A constitutional change of venue challenge based upon the claim that pretrial publicity has precluded the right to trial by an impartial jury is reviewed for presumed prejudice and actual prejudice. State v. Miller, 308 Kan. 1119, 1127, 427 P.3d 907 (2018).

455. The right to a speedy trial applies in juvenile-offender proceedings under the Kansas juvenile offender code. State v. Robinson, 56 Kan. App. 2d 567, 434 P.3d 232 (2018).

456. Interrogation of 13-year-old was custodial, because a reasonable 13-year-old child would not have felt free to terminate and leave under totality of the circumstances. In re P.W.G., 56 Kan. App. 2d 156, 167, 426 P.3d 501 (2018).

457. A defendant's two convictions for criminal threat were not multiplicitous under the unit of prosecution test. State v. Hirsh, 310 Kan. 321, 338–42, 446 P.3d 472 (2019).

458. The right to a speedy trial applies in juvenile offender proceedings under the revised Kansas juvenile justice code. State v. Owens, 310 Kan. 865, 872, 451 P.3d 467 (2019).

459. Convictions for attempted aggravated robbery, aggravated assault, and attempted distribution or possession with intent to distribute a controlled substance are not multiplicitous with one another because the statutes for each crime require some element not required by the other two. State v. George, 311 Kan. 693, 699, 466 P.3d 469 (2020).

460. If a district court declares a jury deadlocked and orders a mistrial when the defendant does not object or consent to the mistrial, a retrial should be permitted only when there is a manifest necessity for the court's action. State v. Kornelson, 311 Kan. 711, 720, 466 P.3d 892 (2020).

461. Prosecutor's statements about the state's evidence, the defense's reliance on an inference, and the credibility of witnesses did not shift the burden of proof and did not fall outside the wide latitude allowed to conduct the state's case. State v. Martinez, 311 Kan. 919, 468 P.3d 319 (2020).

462. Polygraph evidence is inadmissible absent a stipulation. State v. White, 60 Kan. App. 2d 458, 494 P.3d 248 (2021), rev. granted (November 24, 2021).

463. Since the Legislature intended K.S.A. 21-5709(b) to tie a single unit of prosecution to multiple items of paraphernalia, separate convictions for possession of drug paraphernalia based on each individual item of paraphernalia would be a double jeopardy violation. State v. Eckert, 317 Kan. 21, 32, 522 P.3d 796 (2023).

463. Since the Legislature intended K.S.A. 21-5709(b) to tie a single unit of prosecution to multiple items of paraphernalia, separate convictions for possession of drug paraphernalia based on each individual item of paraphernalia would be a double jeopardy violation. State v. Eckert, 317 Kan. 21, 32, 522 P.3d 796 (2023).

464. The double jeopardy clause does not prohibit the use of the defendant's prior adjudications and convictions to prove a charge under the Kansas RICO act. State v. Dixon, 64 Kan. App. 2d 82, 104, 545 P.3d 1040 (2024).

465. A defendant charged with aggravated arson does not suffer a double jeopardy violation when convicted on multiple counts arising from damage by fire to separate apartments, each with a person inside. State v. Buchanan, 317 Kan. 443, 453, 531 P.3d 1198 (2023).